Latest revision as of 2022-10-09T18:58:47

Programming

Armv6-M Programming Model

The programming model used in Cortex-M processors with low power consumption. For example, Cortex-M0.

Armv7-M Programming Model

This is the programming model used in Cortex-M processors with higher performance. For example, Cortex-M4.

CMSIS

Arm specifies a standard C interface for programming Cortex-M processors, the Cortex-M Standard Interface (CMSIS). The Arm licensees are strongly encouraged to provide the CMSIS functions as part of their microcontroller programming SDK. Third-party software libraries usually rely on CMSIS availability.

Intrinsic Functions

Functions that generate instructions not provided by ISO/IEC C
Instruction	CMSIS intrinsic function
CPSIE I	void __enable_irq(void)
CPSID I	void __disable_irq(void)
ISB	void __ISB(void)
DSB	void __DSB(void)
DMB	void __DMB(void)
NOP	void __NOP(void)
REV	uint32_t __REV(uint32_t int value)
REV16	uint32_t __REV16(uint32_t int value)
REVSH	uint32_t __REVSH(uint32_t int value)
SEV	void __SEV(void)
WFE	void __WFE(void)
WFI	void __WFI(void)

Functions for accessing special registers
Register	CMSIS read function	CMSIS write function
PRIMASK	uint32_t __get_PRIMASK (void)	void __set_PRIMASK (uint32_t value)
CONTROL	uint32_t __get_CONTROL (void)	void __set_CONTROL (uint32_t value)
MSP	uint32_t __get_MSP (void)	void __set_MSP (uint32_t TopOfMainStack)
PSP	uint32_t __get_PSP (void)	void __set_PSP (uint32_t TopOfProcStack)

Processor Cores

ARM's family of Cortex-M processors (notably M0, M0+, M3, M4) are designed for use as energy-efficient microcontrollers, where M0+ is the cheapest and most efficient, and M4 is the fastest and most capable (offering DSP functions and a floating point unit).

Reference Manuals

CMSIS abstraction layer for programming Cortex-M processors

Cortex-M0+

Cortex-M4

Development Boards

Nucleo boards by STMicroelectronics, with STM32 processors
- Sold by: DigiKey, Reichelt, Conrad, etc.
Freedom boards by NXP (after buying Freescale), with Kinetis processors
LPCXpresso boards by NXP
ARM related products by Olimex

Software Development Tools

ARM Mbed framework that provides higher-level C++ API, with downloadable or web-based IDE.
GNU ARM Embedded Toolchain for Ubuntu
or the latest toolchain for all Linux distros, macOS, and Windows directly from ARM Ltd.
GNU MCU Eclipse plugin with good support for STM32
OpenOCD on-chip debugger
STM32Cube tools and drivers package for STM32 programming (CMSIS and HAL libraries)
LPCXpresso IDE and utility programs for programming LPCXpresso boards.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:ARM_STM32F411.jpg | 100%]]
-=== <br />Introduction ===
-ARM is the dominant processor architecture in mobile and embedded devices. The CPU architectures are developed by [https://www.arm.com ARM Ltd.] and licensed by various hardware manufacturers for use in processor design. Plenty of ARM-based processor models are available on the market, ranging from special-purpose microcontrollers to generic computing with support for consumer operating systems. The price-performance ratio and broad availability makes ARM processors ideal for use in hobbyist electronics projects.
+= Programming =
+== Armv6-M Programming Model ==
+The programming model used in Cortex-M processors with low power consumption. For example, Cortex-M0.
 <br />
+== Armv7-M Programming Model ==
+This is the programming model used in Cortex-M processors with higher performance. For example, Cortex-M4.
 <br />
-=== History ===
-The initial ARM processor architecture was developed in the mid-1980s by the British computer manufacturer Acorn Computers with the goal of creating an auxiliary processor for a business computer product. The acronym ARM stands for <u>A</u>corn <u>R</u>ISC <u>M</u>achine. ARM Ltd. was founded as a joint venture with the U.S. computer manufacturer Apple with the goal of developing an improved architecture that could be used for the main processor of a computer.
+== CMSIS ==
-<br />
+Arm specifies a standard C interface for programming Cortex-M processors, the '''C'''ortex-'''M''' '''S'''tandard '''I'''nterface (CMSIS). The Arm licensees are strongly encouraged to provide the CMSIS functions as part of their microcontroller programming SDK. Third-party software libraries usually rely on CMSIS availability.
-<br />
+=== Intrinsic Functions ===
-=== Cross-Compiling ===
+{|
-If your operating system is Ubuntu Linux, running on an x64/AMD64 processor, you need the following package to ''cross-compile'' code to run on ARM Cortex series processors:
+|+ style="text-align:left" | Functions that generate instructions not provided by ISO/IEC C
-<pre class="terminal">
+! Instruction
-sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi
+! CMSIS intrinsic function
-</pre>
+|-
+| CPSIE I || void __enable_irq(void)
+|-
+| CPSID I || void __disable_irq(void)
+|-
+| ISB || void __ISB(void)
+|-
+| DSB || void __DSB(void)
+|-
+| DMB || void __DMB(void)
+|-
+| NOP || void __NOP(void)
+|-
+| REV || uint32_t __REV(uint32_t int value)
+|-
+| REV16 || uint32_t __REV16(uint32_t int value)
+|-
+| REVSH || uint32_t __REVSH(uint32_t int value)
+|-
+| SEV || void __SEV(void)
+|-
+| WFE || void __WFE(void)
+|-
+| WFI || void __WFI(void)
+|}
+{|
+|+ style="text-align:left" | Functions for accessing special registers
+! Register
+! CMSIS read function
+! CMSIS write function
+|-
+| PRIMASK || uint32_t __get_PRIMASK (void) || void __set_PRIMASK (uint32_t value)
+|-
+| CONTROL || uint32_t __get_CONTROL (void) || void __set_CONTROL (uint32_t value)
+|-
+| MSP || uint32_t __get_MSP (void) || void __set_MSP (uint32_t TopOfMainStack)
+|-
+| PSP || uint32_t __get_PSP (void) || void __set_PSP (uint32_t TopOfProcStack)
+|}
 <br />
-=== Microcontrollers ===
+= Processor Cores =
 ARM's family of [https://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m Cortex-M processors] (notably M0, M0+, M3, M4) are designed for use as energy-efficient microcontrollers, where M0+ is the cheapest and most efficient, and M4 is the fastest and most capable (offering DSP functions and a floating point unit).
 <br />
 <br />
-==== Reference Manuals ====
+== Reference Manuals ==
 * [https://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m/cortex-microcontroller-software-interface-standard.php CMSIS abstraction layer for programming Cortex-M processors]
-===== Cortex-M0+ =====
+== Cortex-M0+ ==
+* [https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-M0+ Arm Cortex-M0+]
 * [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.dui0662b/index.html Generic User Guide]
 * [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0419c/index.html ARMv6-M Architecture Reference Manual]
-===== Cortex-M4 =====
+== Cortex-M4 ==
+* [https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-M4 Arm Cortex-M4]
 * [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.dui0553a/index.html Generic User Guide]
 * [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0403e.b/index.html ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual]
 <br />
-==== Instruction Sets ====
+== Development Boards ==
-Based on a diagram in Joseph Yiu's book [https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-definitive-guide-to-arm-cortex-m0-and-cortex-m0-processors/yiu/978-0-12-803277-0 The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex-M0 and Cortex-M0+ Processors].
-<br />
-[[File:ARM_Cortex_M_Instruction_Sets.png]]
-<br />
-<br />
-==== Development Boards ====
 * [http://www.st.com/en/ecosystems/stm32-nucleo.html Nucleo] boards by STMicroelectronics, with STM32 processors
 ** Sold by: [https://www.digikey.com/products/en/development-boards-kits-programmers/evaluation-boards-embedded-mcu-dsp/786?k=nucleo&k=&pkeyword=nucleo&v=497&FV=ffe00312 DigiKey], [https://www.reichelt.de/index.html?ACTION=446;GROUPID=6667;SEARCH=nucleo Reichelt], [https://www.conrad.de/de/Search.html?search=nucleo%20board&sc.queryFromSuggest=true&searchType=SUGGEST&searchSource=SUGGEST_QUERY&category=%1FEntwicklungskits%1FEntwicklungskits%252C%2BEntwicklungssysteme Conrad], etc.
@@ Line 42: / Line 84: @@
 <br />
-==== Software Development Tools ====
+== Software Development Tools ==
-* [https://developer.mbed.org ARM mbed] platform with high-level API (not CMSIS), HAL library, Internet connectivity services, optional web IDE
+* [[ARM Mbed]] framework that provides higher-level C++ API, with downloadable or web-based IDE.
 * [https://launchpad.net/~team-gcc-arm-embedded/+archive/ubuntu/ppa GNU ARM Embedded Toolchain] for Ubuntu<br />or the [https://developer.arm.com/open-source/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads latest toolchain for all Linux distros, macOS, and Windows] directly from ARM Ltd.
 * [https://gnu-mcu-eclipse.github.io/ GNU MCU Eclipse plugin] with good support for STM32
@@ Line 51: / Line 93: @@
 <br />
-==== Tutorials ====
+== Tutorials ==
-* [[ARM Assembly]] programming
+* [[Arm Cortex-M Assembly]] programming
-* [[Programming STM32F411 | Programming the Cortex-M4 development board Nucleo-64 STM32F411]]
+* [[Nucleo-64 | Programming the STM Nucleo-64 boards]]
-* [[Programming STM32F042 | Programming the Cortex-M0 development board Nucleo-32 STM32F042]]
+* [[Nucleo-32 | Programming the STM Nucleo-32 boards]]
+* [[Programming ATSAME54 | Programming the Cortex-M4 development board SAM E54 Xplained Pro]]
 * [[ARM Bootloader]]
 * [http://www.ethernut.de/en/documents/arm-inline-asm.html ARM GCC Inline Assembler Cookbook] by Harald Kipp
 * [http://www2.keil.com/mdk5/learn Collection of Cortex-M tutorials by Keil]
 * [https://sites.google.com/site/learningeclipsearm Programming STM32F103RET Cortex-M3 with GNU ARM Eclipse Plugin]
-<br />
-<br />
-=== ARM64 ===
 <br />
 <br />

Arm Cortex-M: Difference between revisions